Behçet’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment in Scottsdale, AZ

 Behçet’s Disease (BD) is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in blood vessels of all sizes. While uncommon in North America, it’s more prevalent along the historic Silk Route, including Turkey, Iran, and Japan. BD can affect multiple organs, including the mouth, genitals, skin, eyes, digestive system, and nervous system.

If you’re experiencing recurring mouth or genital ulcers, skin lesions, or vision problems, connecting with a Behçet’s specialist in Scottsdale, AZ can help manage symptoms and prevent serious complications.

What Causes Behçet’s Disease?

The exact cause of BD is unknown, but it may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors:

  • Genetics: People from Japan and the Eastern Mediterranean often carry the HLA-B51 gene, which increases susceptibility to BD.

  • Environmental triggers: Infections from viruses like herpes simplex or bacteria such as streptococcus may trigger flare-ups.

  • Immune system abnormalities: Overactive immune proteins and white blood cells are often observed in BD patients.

Common Symptoms of Behçet’s Disease

BD usually comes in flare-ups and remissions, with severity often decreasing over time. Symptoms include:

  • Oral Ulcers: Painful sores on the tongue, lips, or gums, recurring in almost all patients.

  • Genital Ulcers: Present in up to 80% of cases, sometimes leaving scars.

  • Skin Lesions: Red nodules, acne-like bumps, or ulcers.

  • Eye Issues: Uveitis, iritis, and hypopyon can cause blurred vision, redness, and permanent vision loss if untreated.

  • Arthritis: Non-erosive joint pain affecting knees, wrists, ankles, or elbows.

  • Neurological Problems: Headaches, balance issues, or weakness may occur.

  • Vascular Complications: Blood clots, aneurysms, and lung inflammation are possible.

  • Gastrointestinal Problems: Abdominal pain, bleeding, or bowel perforation may require surgery.

How is Behçet’s Disease Diagnosed?

Diagnosing BD is challenging due to its wide range of symptoms. Doctors usually rely on clinical criteria rather than a single test. According to the 1990 International Criteria, BD diagnosis requires:

  • Recurrent oral ulcers plus two of the following:

    • Recurrent genital ulcers

    • Eye lesions

    • Skin lesions

    • Positive pathergy test (common in Middle Eastern populations)

Additional tests, biopsies, or imaging may be used to rule out other conditions like lupus.

Treatment Options for Behçet’s Disease

Treatment depends on the severity and organs involved:

Mild Disease (Mouth & Skin):

  • Topical steroids

  • NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen)

  • Colchicine or dapsone

Moderate Disease:

  • Corticosteroids

  • Thalidomide

  • Methotrexate (MTX)

Severe Organ Involvement (Eyes, Lungs, CNS, Heart):

  • Immunosuppressive drugs: azathioprine, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide

  • Biologics: TNF inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab)

  • Interferon injections in select patients

Regular follow-ups are critical. Skipping medication or stopping treatment suddenly can worsen symptoms.

Finding a Behçet’s Disease Specialist in Scottsdale, AZ

Early diagnosis and treatment with an experienced Behçet’s specialist in Scottsdale can significantly improve outcomes. Consider:

  • Clinics specializing in autoimmune disorders and vasculitis

  • Rheumatologists or immunologists with BD expertise

  • Referrals from your primary care doctor or patient support groups

Genetics & Ongoing Research

Research continues to study the role of genetics and environment in BD. Scientists aim to develop targeted therapies to reduce flare-ups and improve long-term outcomes.

Conclusion

Behçet’s Disease is a complex autoimmune condition requiring ongoing monitoring and tailored treatment. If you experience recurring ulcers, skin lesions, or vision issues, consult a Behçet’s specialist in Scottsdale, AZ. Timely care, regular check-ups, and proper medications can help manage symptoms and prevent serious complications.

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